Business Reorganization Committee

ABI Committee News

Final Judgments and Avoidance Actions after Stern v. Marshall

A bankruptcy estate’s ability to recover fraudulent and preferential transfers is an essential component of the bankruptcy process. Recovering fraudulently transferred property has become increasingly important given the recent wave of high-profile fraudulent schemes (e.g., Madoff, Deier, LLP and Alan Stanford) that are being untangled and resolved through the bankruptcy process. Not surprisingly, litigants rarely challenge, and appellate courts rarely question, the authority of bankruptcy courts to hear, determine and enter final judgments in avoidance actions brought pursuant to chapter 5 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 542-551.[1] That status quo changed when the Supreme Court rendered its 5-4 decision in Stern v. Marshall,[2]  which has been described by one court as “a bombshell ... upon the ... practical issue of how bankruptcy judges are to perform what the [Bankruptcy] Code still calls [on them] to do.”[3] Since the Supreme Court decided Stern,the bankruptcy bar has been attempting to determine its short- and long-term impacts. This article reviews how Stern has been interpreted thus far, and discusses conclusions that may be drawn from it in the context of fraudulent-conveyance law. However, before discussing why the Supreme Court ruled as it did in Stern, the history of the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence regarding the bankruptcy court system must be explained.

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