Business Reorganization Committee

ABI Committee News

Environmental Claims in Bankruptcy

Several recent high-profile chapter 11 cases have involved environmental liabilities and highlight how significant these liabilities can be to the restructuring process. Though environmental liabilities often have some form of security associated with them (e.g., letters of credit, surety bonds, etc.) prior to a debtor filing its bankruptcy petition, because of their nature, environmental liabilities may still create the need for significant reserves in order to accommodate contingent claims. Further complicating matters, many environmental claims involve multiple parties with indemnity and contribution rights against each other.

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Permissibility of Triangular Setoff via a Pre-Petition Agreement

The Bankruptcy Code, under § 553, expressly preserves a creditor’s pre-petition right to setoff of mutual debt with the debtor. However, courts have consistently rejected the permissibility of triangular setoff under § 553. Courts premise this prohibition of triangular setoff on section 553’s use of the term “mutual debt.” Courts have rationalized that because triangular setoff does not contemplate setoff of debts that are held between the same parties, triangular setoff lacks the mutuality of debts that § 553 requires. The permissibility of triangular setoff in bankruptcy has become uncertain, though, when a creditor asserts a right to triangular setoff pursuant to a pre-petition contract. The issue has arisen whether a pre-petition contract allows parties to bypass the mutuality required by § 553.

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